![]() ![]() Clinical significance Īnything arising from the intervertebral disc may be termed discogenic in particular when referring to associated pain as discogenic pain. The amount of glycosaminoglycans (and hence water) decreases with age and degeneration. Increasing the amount of negatively charged aggrecan increases oncotic pressure, resulting in a shift of extracellular fluid from the outside to the inside of the nucleus pulposus. Attached to each aggrecan molecule are glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains of chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate. The nucleus pulposus consists of large vacuolated notochord cells, small chondrocyte-like cells, collagen fibrils, and aggrecan, a proteoglycan that aggregates by binding to hyaluronan. The nucleus pulposus of the disc functions to distribute hydraulic pressure in all directions within each intervertebral disc under compressive loads. The intervertebral disc functions to separate the vertebrae from each other and provides the surface for the shock-absorbing gel of the nucleus pulposus. The size of the space can be altered in pathological conditions such as discitis (infection of the intervertebral disc). In healthy patients, this corresponds to the size of the intervertebral disc. The intervertebral disc space is typically defined on an X-ray photograph as the space between adjacent vertebrae. These quickly deteriorate leaving almost no direct blood supply in healthy adults. Development ĭuring development and at birth, vertebral discs have some vascular supply to the cartilage endplates and the anulus fibrosus. For example, the disc between the fifth and sixth cervical vertebrae is designated "C5-6". There are 23 discs in the human spine: 6 in the neck ( cervical) region, 12 in the middle back ( thoracic) region, and 5 in the lower back ( lumbar) region Discs are named by the vertebral body above and below. The axis acts as a post around which the atlas can rotate, allowing the neck to swivel. The atlas is a ring around the roughly cone-shaped extension of the axis (second cervical segment). There is one disc between each pair of vertebrae, except for the first cervical segment, the atlas. The nucleus of the disc acts as a shock absorber, absorbing the impact of the body's activities and keeping the two vertebrae separated. The nucleus pulposus contains loose fibers suspended in a mucoprotein gel. This prevents the development of stress concentrations which could cause damage to the underlying vertebrae or to their endplates. The fibrous intervertebral disc contains the nucleus pulposus and this helps to distribute pressure evenly across the disc. The stiff laminae can withstand compressive forces. Type I is concentrated toward the edge of the ring, where it provides greater strength. The anulus fibrosus consists of several layers (laminae) of fibrocartilage made up of both type I and type II collagen. Intervertebral discs consist of an outer fibrous ring, the anulus fibrosus disci intervertebralis, which surrounds an inner gel-like center, the nucleus pulposus. Cervical vertebra with intervertebral disc ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |